The Supreme Court of India has ordered the government to conduct a census of backward classes, which will help to identify the socio-economic status of these communities. Background: The court was hearing a petition filed by a social activist, who argued that the census was necessary to ensure that backward classes receive adequate representation and benefits. Parties: The petitioners, including the social activist, argued that the census was necessary to ensure representation and benefits for backward classes. The respondents, including the Union of India, contended that the census was not necessary. Legal issues: The primary issue before the court was whether the government had a duty to conduct a census of backward classes. The court also examined the role of the government in ensuring representation and benefits for backward classes. Court observations: The Supreme Court observed that the government had a duty to conduct a census of backward classes. The court ordered the government to conduct the census within a specified timeframe. Significance: This judgment has significant implications for the representation and benefits of backward classes in India. It reinforces the importance of ensuring that these communities receive adequate representation and benefits.