The Orissa High Court has directed the state government to implement measures to prevent elephant deaths on railways, in an effort to protect these endangered animals and prevent accidents. Background: The case began when a group of conservationists approached the court, arguing that the high number of elephant deaths on railways was a result of inadequate measures to prevent accidents. Parties: The petitioners were a group of conservationists, while the respondents included the Orissa government and the railways department. Legal issues: The main issue was whether the government had a responsibility to protect elephants and prevent accidents on railways. Court observations: The court observed that the government had failed to take adequate action to prevent elephant deaths, despite earlier orders and directives. Significance: The court's directive has significant implications for elephant conservation in Orissa, as it requires the government to take concrete action to prevent accidents and protect these endangered animals. This case highlights the importance of protecting wildlife and preventing accidents, particularly in areas where human-wildlife conflict is a significant concern.